Good question! I'm looking forward to the other replies :)
For me there's a very clear split before / after my egg cracked.
Before, although there's probably a lot more that was dysphoria but I didn't realize, there are two or three main things that stand out. First is the classic "not liking my reflection", although I wouldn't have put it like that. I guess seeing myself just looked... weird? Like when I see other people, they're just people. But for some reason I (mirror or photos) I just didn't look right, although I couldn't have said what was wrong. I guess I didn't really think I was ugly, but certainly I couldn't believe anybody else would find me good-looking or attractive and even after getting married I was convinced it was on personality alone (hah!). I definitely avoided looking at myself wherever possible.
Second was the "meat puppet" phenomenon, which I put down to being a nerdy, intellectual type. Of course I could feel things, and move instinctively etc, but I always had a very clear distinction between "my body" and "me". I was absolutely obsessed by authors such as Greg Egan who wrote about people uploading their consciousness into computers and robots, freeing them of their physical selves. Also, I was slightly the odd one out when it came to super powers: rather than shapeshifting, I wanted to be able to leave my physical form and become a kind of ghost (would you say "discorporating", perhaps?). A facet of this was that I had absolutely no incentive to maintain my physical health, which lead to obesity, alcoholism and a pretty shoddy appearance. As a teenager I was depressed for a long time (pretty obviously trans+ADHD related in hindsight) and didn't even wash for a year or so.
Finally I had a constant feeling that something HUGE was missing from my life. Have you ever seen the Red Dwarf episode "Back to Reality" with the despair squid? It felt like I was playing an RPG but my character was all wrong, and I was missing out on experiences I was supposed to be having. Particularly stories like "Your Name" (and earlier "Ah! My goddess!") where the characters lose their memories of their destinies or important interactions, and are forced to spend their lives searching for something they know is missing but can't remember, were painfully relatable.
Now everything is much simpler! If I see some stubble in the mirror, I think: "god damn, I look like a man". Or my voice sounds like a man, and I hate it. And that can spiral into a kind of "I'm just pretending to be a woman" depression. But those are brain worms, and I can usually calm down by thinking about something else. And there are good days too, where I like how I look and people treat me as a woman.
And that's dysphoria as I experience it.
Goodness that must have been tough. Well done!
Sounds like a lot of shock and denial from your mother, but as you say, I'm sure she'll get over it in time,
You should be very proud of yourself <3