I agree it's gambling, but where is the line? Is killing a boss in World of Warcraft not gambling? You also have various chances of getting random rare items, which you can then sell for real money on third party sites.
Where is the line between random outcomes being part of the game, and it being gambling? CS:GO is really obvious, but what if they didn't have the box opening thing, you just got the random skin directly after winning a match, without having to explicitly open the "loot box"? Would it still be gambling then? Feels like it should since the end result is the same, but then every game with loot has gambling. I genuinely don't know.
I don't understand, why is a QR code a dark pattern?
Edit: I have now read the entire Wikipedia page on dark patterns, I didn't find one that would match.