I'm Dutch. The article mentions this, but I think it's important to reiterate that the idea the Netherlands is especially progressive has always been a bit of a myth. It arose partly because people mistake tolerance for acceptance. The Netherlands has long been a tolerant country. That doesn't necessarily mean it's an accepting country.
For example, the Nazis were able to murder 75% of the Dutch-Jewish population in the Holocaust. Statistically, you were arguably safer being a Jew in Nazi Germany. My countrymen tolerated their Jewish neighbours. But they didn't care enough about them, to not look the other way or prioritize their career when the Nazis came along. The Dutch are often in denial about this, a bit like how the country still hasn't fully come to terms with its colonial past.
Anyway, it's not a huge surprise that right wing populists and Russia have had such success in the Netherlands. They're exploiting a nasty seam that has always been there.
Bit of tangent, but IRC the thing with depictions of Jesus, is that the bible doesn't really describe what he looks like. In early Christianity, depicting Jesus was still considered idolatry. When depictions do become more common, they're often not meant to be an accurate representation of what he looked like.
So when they did started depicting him, they were likely inspired by Greek/Roman gods like Orpheus, Hermes and Apollo. Often with a Zeus beard tacked on and wearing the robes of a Roman emperor.