Why not directly Debian ?

I know you said you want something Debian-based, but Fedora is my go-to distro for daily driver workstations. Rock solid, has up to date software, and the release upgrade process has never failed me.

You've named three great suggestions. There was a new stable Debian release two days ago. A decade ago, I found Debian stable a bit too stale and testing buggy, but things have changed for the better with flatpak being as ubiquitous as it is.

Just make sure to get the non-free firmware iso if you think you might need it for something like wifi.

I find snap on Ubuntu annoying, slow and the cli tool cryptic. I'd probably use PopOS in preference to Ubuntu just because of that.

Finally, the difference between using a Debian vs Fedora vs Arch derivative isn't as much as it's hyped up to be. It's really the release cycle and QA that matter and that's personal taste.

Mint is great, it comes pre loaded with a lot of the basics and has got to be one of the most easy to recommend options out there. If you do go with Mint I would highly recommend adding flatpaks for anything proprietary if you use things like Spotify, Discord, or other similar stuff (you probably will want to make sure that gets updates imminently since those kinds of services usually update quickly and somewhat sporadically). Mint is based on Ubuntu but is without all the Telemetry and forced snaps.

Alternatively, if you want a more basic install (pros: less bloat, cons: more manual work) Debian itself would work great. It'll probably eek out a tiny bit more performance and slightly faster security updates than anything downstream. I like manually installing by starting from zero, but I can understand if you want a "plug and play" option and want a Debian derivative instead.

Ubuntu is also fine. I'm still salty about seeing Amazon ads on my search screen a while back, but in all reality it would work just fine, you can still opt out of the Telemetry, and if you prefer Snaps over Flatpaks then it'd be a good choice to go with. If you don't know of or care about snaps or flatpaks then in all reality either should work fine for you.

I've never used PopOs. I'm sure it's fine, though I've heard people online complain it's a bit unstable sometimes as compared to the more established Debian based distros. Can't say either way though since I haven't used it.

Beyond Debian, like some people are saying here too, Fedora is an option. It's not Debian based and might have a bit of a higher learning curve (both if you've never used Linux or if you learned on Debian based Linux). Their packages and device drivers are usually a bit more up to date. That said, as they move more towards Flatpaks instead of traditional package management that benefit is eroding a bit. But if you do find yourself needing more current packages (and can't solve with flatpaks/snaps), or have a device with drivers too new for Debian and it's derivatives, then Fedora would be the first place I'd recommend going.

Last, Manjaro might be an option as well (also not Debian based). Honestly I've heard a lot of bad things about it and never used it, but a co-worker likes it so it's worth a mention. It'd be great if you need really recent drivers, but if you don't know what you're doing (so I've been told) you probably want to be cautions of the AUR.

If you have the time I'd recommend firing up a virtual machine and checking anything that sound interesting. Good luck!

@Gamer153
Debian 12 is actually a good option. This latest release has really transformed it into a much more viable option.

I just recently switched from my favourite distro (Linux Mint), and I have no regrets.

I'm a big fan of Linux Mint myself.

I don't think distro choice is that important. If you're already comfortable with something deb based get that.

Pop!_OS. I use it on my laptop and the track pad gestures are a treat. Also, stability and performance are as expected and the devs are really cool.

I've using Pop!_OS on my 11th Gen Intel since I got it three years ago and have been pretty happy with it. I would suggest some of these tweaks for fingerprint/power etc, you don't have to apply them all but you can see what makes sense for you: https://github.com/lightrush/framework-laptop-formula

Congrats in your new framework? Intel 13th Gen?

Why not Debian they recently released new version so for some time it will be quite up to date.