I don't know what to tell you, but a debugger is usually shipped with an IDE. If your IDE doesn't ship with a debugger then that's an issue completely independent from any OS that you're using. When I write C# programs in Visual Studio, I use the Visual Studio debugger. When I write games in Godot, I use the Godot debugger. When I write games in Unreal, I use the Unreal debugger. When I write Web Applications in IntelliJ, I use the IntelliJ Debugger. Your use case just seems extremely strange.

That being said, I'm sure there is a tool out there that does what you're looking for. I'm just not sure you should be looking for it.