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Should a Country Speak a Single Language?
(www.newyorker.com)
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I think that there's no hard limit. Each official language might add a bit of an additional cost to the government, but that cost is relatively small in comparison with the social and political benefits - including stability.
Eventually speakers of each language end clustered together, as you said near the end. But that's fine, too; a population (subjects of a country) doesn't need to coincide with a people (individuals sharing a common identity).