Number 1 is a little weird as most people wouldn't be able to name many founding principles of the united states. It's something that's still debated. Hell, the founders weren't even in agreement on them.
Number 2 is worded strangely, but isn't too bad. It's like asking how you made concrete improvements at your last employer and how you can utilize that with the new one.
Number 4 isn't bad. It could be from any application at any company.
Number 3 is freaking bonkers. Think about applying for a job as a park photographer at Disney and being asked how you'll help fulfill the CEO's direction to make another Star Wars sequel. After being asked to name the priorities to begin with.
Scrape, fill, prime, paint.
Scrape the raised area with a razor blade. Block sand it with 80 grit, hitting more than just the bad area.
Cover with a thin coat of wood filler, using heavy pressure to force the filler into the fibers. Once that dries, block sand again with 120 grit, then once more with 180 grit. Make sure you sand beyond the patch to blend the repair into the rest of the sill.
Thoroughly clean the dust. Apply two coats of primer to the full sill. Once dry, sand lightly using 220 grit, without a block.
Clean up any dust, then paint.
You'l have a smooth sill with no signs of damage.