Out-breeding depression primarily results in a decrease of fertility and infant mortality. So although it is occasionally observed in surviving offspring, in general it is much lower probability.
Also the neandertal crossing was deleterious it would be much lower percentage in modern humans. It also would not have come from multiple crossing events.
Usually these issues are caused by mitochondrial DNA not nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA is only passed on from the female. So if there is an incompatibility, it's usually completely lethal to any offspring.
So a HMNF coupling could not have been possible because of the neanderthal's female mitochondrial DNA.
If I had to guess the successful crosses were potentially much healthier than either parent line. Heterosis (hybrid vigor) would likely be pretty extreme in genetic lines that has been isolated by 300,000+ years of time. Of course the degree of fertility was likely lowered due to genetic distance. Once the initial cross was made however, back-crossing to either species by the hybrid would likely be much easier.
Many of those ancient stories about individuals with super strength and size etc could have likely been based upon these crosses.
The evidence is showing neadertals never truly died out. Their smaller population bred back into the modern humans who came later.
The OS desktop environment has stagnated over the past 15 years.
Many businesses have transitioned from a 3-4 year rotation on desktops/laptops to every 5-6 years today. Hell my work laptop is 6 years old and I don't forsee replacing it for another 3-4 years. For work functions there is no significant improvement to upgrading more frequently today.
So if they launched W12 next year, widespread adoption will likely not occur until 2032-2033 or at the Win11 EOL whichever comes first.
The developers today are working on a system that will not become mainstream for 8+ years. They want to launch in the next 2 years knowing it will not be adopted for years.
They ignoring the reality of today's market and building to meet the latest fads. It's Windows 8 all over again.
There is a few different potential reasons as well as sexual preference.
Genetic incompatibility - the interspecific cross could only occur one way.
Genetic bottlenecks in the neandertal lineage. A high inbred coefficient could have decreased the neandertal females overall fertility (high deleterious alleles load). This could also cause a rapid reduction in the percentage of neandertal DNA in a mixed population.
Maternal behavior - Neandertals females might not have cared for hybrid offspring appropriately. This could be for anything from milk production requirements to differences in physiological developmental rates.
He is notoriously known to be capricious. So to ensure obedience a little blackmail keeps him in line.
The orange moron is easily controlled to do what Israel wants. The book of things to blackmail him with is absolutely massive.
Iran and Israel have been in a state of constant war for 40 years. Both nations have done enough atrocities over the years that they both qualify as baddies in my book. There is no good side in that conflict.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict
It's normal to cite your own work if the new paper is a continuation of that research. A references or three is normal and expected.
When somebody publishes a bullshit paper that is eventually withdrawn, every subsequent paper citing the fraudulent work can also be withdrawn as being unreliable.
A sign it's all bullshit is when you see the majority of the citations for the paper from the same author. This usually doesn't pass peer review anymore. In hyperspecialized fields with few researchers, they commonly get a little creative on the introduction section to include other authors.
Russia's has always seen tanks use like what we saw attempted at the beginning of the war.
Start with an overwhelming artillery and air attack to decimated defensive positions. Then send long columns of armored vehicles pushing straight across the front line with the tanks in the lead to soak up fire and clear mines. Then the infantry hops out and mops up defenders. This is WW2 level strategy.
Tanks needed thick front armor, a fast fire rate for the cannon, a low profile to deflect incoming fire, and no need for a fast reverse.
What actually happened: the artillery was inaccurate and mostly ineffectual. The air couldn't get close to the line and lobbed inaccurate attacks. The tanks got wrecked quickly by the defenders (drones, javalin etc). This left the rest of the column to turn around or attempt to continue the attack under heavy defensive fire without support. It was decimated..
My wife's fluffy white dog I drive around with for work. He likes to eat higher moisture corn and cow shit.
For silage corn the entire plant is harvested, chopped up, and packed tightly in a pile and covered with plastic or very large plastic bag. This creates an anaerobic conditions and yeasts/bacteria convert the sugars to alcohol, then acids. This acid preserves the feed for cattle for up to 2 years.
Silage corn is the most common base feed for all dairies and feedlots.
This isn't even the tallest variety out there. There are others that are 3' (1m) taller.
The machine with the spout is a chopper. They are a million dollar gigantic woodchipper. These things are fucking terrifying and you should absolutely stay out the field when they are running. Every so often a deer jumps into them.....shudder.... nightmare fuel.
Early in the season before a corn plant is waist high it takes a guess on how many kernals it can fill. Sometimes it guesses wrong and so it aborts the top kernals to fill the rest.
The entire top of the damn plant turns bright red.
As sugars build up in the top of the plant with no place to be transported to, the upper leaves start to turn bright red and die back.
You may get a bar bell ear or there may be no ear on the plant. In of field of millions of plants a bright red top narrows the search down.
Start getting your pinky in shape with this weird environmental triggered trait. It's easy to find in any corn field (to be continued...).
This right here is 350bu/acre of corn. 113 day variety on an almost pure sand field. Every damn ear looked the same. Look at that beauty, every kernal is huge and dense.
This here is trichoderma ear rot in an organic field. This 100 day variety was chewed on by an earworm. The damaged kernals allowed trichderma to enter and infect the ear. This ear rot produces many toxins and is a big no for consumption.
The twist - Trichoderma is usually a beneficial organism in the soil. It feeds on other pathogenic fungus/bacteria and is applied extensively for biological control.
Although normally a secondary pathogen, it has mutated to become a primary pathogen in both Italy and Germany in recent years.
This here is a genetically susceptible 113 day variety to fusarium kernal rot. This is a nasty little fungus that produces all sorts of mycotoxins that can give any mammal that consumes it a belly ache or even death. It's easily identifiable by the white streaks in causes in the kernals.
This 98 day little minx has a flirty pink cob. It doesn't look like much but it packs quite the wallop. The ears posted yielded 302bu. Medium high ear placement and a fast drydown makes this an excellent choice for grain.
This is pretty little 102 day number with a bright white cob that threshes very easily. It does extremely well for dry grain, high moisture grain or earlage.
The field in this picture averaged 305bu.
Probably the easiest plant to care for once you figure it out.
I water it every month or two. Fertilize it every 2 or 3 years. Redirect the arial roots into the pot when I water.
It gets 3 hours of direct sunlight in the morning.
Every 5 or 6 years I haul it outside in the summer. Then leach the pot with the garden hose to remove the salt buildup. I also hack the plant back to a more manageable size.
They also need to remove the limited liability from companies for intentional illegal activities.
illegal business practices should be charged to the people involved instead of the company. The executives who made the decision to break the law lose personal assets.
Otherwise the shitheads just pass the company losses onto the employees: no raises, hiring freezes, layoffs, reduction in benefits, etc...
After the rapist Brock Turner was given a slap on the wrist, California passed mandatory sentencing for rape.
He was accused of 3 rapes but convicted of 2. He received the maximum sentencing for each.
His lawyers are likely going to fight the conviction constantly until the money runs dry.
My personal thought is the conviction is unlikely to be overturned but a sentence reduction is likely. So he got the maximum sentence. Danny will likely be behind bars for at least 6-10 years for his crimes.
Just to preface, I am a plant breeder/geneticist with extensive experience in interspecific crosses in multiple species - all practical. This discussion should definitely be finished over some a few drinks.