i found the AI generated tldr that you originally posted to be a bit confusing, but the article itself was very interesting. Here is my summary of the major points:

1. from a production standpoint, steel bikes have a smaller carbon footprint than aluminum or carbon frame bikes.
2. conventional bikes use fewer consumables over their usable life than electric bikes.
3. among electric bikes, cargo bikes use the most resources to run and maintain.

to simplify this from a long-time bicycle commuters perspective: steel is real 😁