No full transcripts I was able to find yet (only found 2020 and earlier transcripts online). Did find some summaries and take-aways:

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2023/08/23/republican-gop-debate-live-updates/70653558007/

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/24/us/politics/republican-debate-takeaways.html

https://www.politico.com/news/2023/08/23/first-republican-debate-highlights-00112617

https://www.npr.org/2023/08/24/1195589204/up-first-briefing-gop-debate-trump-to-surrender-russia-plane-crash-mystery

and

https://www.npr.org/2023/08/24/1195577120/republican-debate-candidates-trump-pence-ramaswamy-haley-christie-milwaukee-2024

Edit: Regarding the allusions from the meme I the OP:

From the NPR article:

Surprisingly, perhaps, almost all of the candidates stood up for former Vice President Mike Pence and said he did the right thing on Jan. 6 in his ceremonial role in counting and recording the results of the 2020 presidential election.

Pence noted that Trump asked him to reject the votes and "asked me to put him over the Constitution, and I chose the Constitution."

From the Politico article:

Asked if they would support Trump as the party’s nominee even if he was convicted of a crime, 6 of 8 candidates raised their hands — with varying degrees of enthusiasm — with only Christie and former Arkansas Governor Asa Hutchinson indicating they would not support the former president again.