There’s already a system in place to work against that. You should see it on your phone now. Your incoming calls should have a little checkmark box next to them showing that the caller is verified(aka they know who owns the number).

The problem is US privacy laws are theater if they exist at all. You’ve probably received those letters about limiting data sharing with ‘affiliate companies’. You might think their unsolicited calls but if you don’t opt out of data sharing with basically every company you do business with then they can share/sell your contact info with anybody they want to.