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Do not update single packages on Archlinux, but
(beehaw.org)
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If the package is not in your cache, it needs to download it from the remote server first. The version on the remote server is built against the dependencies on the remote server. So if your local dependency is older, it will be a partial update!
No, because
pacman -S
will use the current package list.And where does it download the newly installed package from? It's not in your cache, because you haven't had it installed before and the remote server only has the newest version.
The download will simply fail if the version pacman wants to download isn't available on the mirror. The version is part of the download URL.
I guess that's the key takeaway for me from this post and replies.