You are so right about how important the process of thinking and learning is, and that is where AI fails.
I am not a teacher, but a couple weeks ago, I was a guest speaker in a high school IT class. I told them all about how critical it is to be an effective communicator by documenting their steps in their tickets in a way that others can follow, and told them, straight up, that communication is a skill. If you can't communicate, I will not hire you. Told them I have actively declined to hire or promote because they don't communicate effectively.
I am not sure how to do something similar with, say, an English class, but I wonder if you could figure out how to expose them to the future professional repercussions of not understanding the topic deeply. I think it hit differently when the repercussion wasn't just that their instructor would be unhappy.