Hydrogen is increasingly viewed as a critical energy carrier capable of supporting decarbonization across sectors such as industry, transportation, and power generation. Unlike fossil fuels, hydrogen combustion produces no direct carbon dioxide emissions. However, large-scale deployment of hydrogen technologies requires reliable methods for storing vast amounts of hydrogen to balance supply and demand, particularly for seasonal energy storage.

Surface storage solutions, such as pressurized tanks, are costly and limited in capacity. For this reason, scientists are exploring underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in geological formations.