Fontsource has a lot of the same fonts as google fonts (and a few extras like Iosevka). Keep in mind that they do not offer a CDN which means that to use the font in your project you must host it yourself.

Woff2 tool (by google), converts any ttf font to woff2 format for use in web development. You can host whatever font you want in your assets folder.

There isn't any separate "Google Fonts" as far as I know. What youre likely referring to is the Noto typeface. Its the set of fonts Google typically uses.

You might wanna check out the San Francisco typeface , it's what I'm currently using on my Linux system. You probably know it already, it's are the set of fonts Apple uses.

There are many other typefaces that you might use as an alternate to Noto, such as;

Arial(Microsoft), Helvetica, Ubuntu, Adwaita etc etc.