The garments that have the least impact are definitely the thrifted ones, even if originally produced in the most polluting method possible. Used > new even if the new clothes were made from the most regeneratively grown cotton and stitched by well paid workers. Textiles contribute to 10% of global emissions, cotton is a very demanding crop and the production process itself can be quite nasty.
linen can have issues too, depending on how it is retted. Im not a fan of bamboo based viscose either. Wool is awesome but $$. Which other fibres are more environmentally sound?
Honestly not sure. You can buy fancy American grown cotton which I presume has slightly more stringent environmental regulations and fewer human rights violations involved in its production. Then there’s synthetics which have their own host of issues. I think you’re better off buying quality clothing that will last instead of fast fashion that you don’t keep for long.
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