I was just giving the most generic ones since stem is usually the highest in demand, but you would have to do research into each specific country. Needs fluctuate, and different jobs jump and fall in priority. Other university level jobs are commonly in demand as well, but it’s a lot more finicky and circumstantial then for example STEM careers.

Basically, the rule of thumb is that a job generally will be in high demand if it is inherently useful to the progress of a country, it is extremely time consuming and difficult to train enough specialists domestically, and the job will translate across cultural, language, and sociological lines.

That’s why STEM careers are extremely valuable since they check all three of those boxes, since for example a nuclear engineer is indispensable for the construction of new power plants, it takes close to a decade of education and years of experience, and physics and math are universal.

However while STEM is the most obvious, the needs of an individual country at a certain time vary significantly, so it’s worth it to always be on the lookout if you have a skill set that can be considered useful for a country. For example, artistry is a big foreign career field as well, along with diplomatic staff, international business, and so on.