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Never setup a nas but if I was to get one, I would use truenas since it is foss.
For fireproof and waterproof nas systems, check out iosafe. Not sure if truenas will work on them however.
https://iosafe.com/
TrueNas is just the software isn't it? Which hardware to go with?
Yes, it is the OS of the nas. I do not know what hardware will work for it. I only played around with truenas in a VM
Plenty of FOSS ways to set up a NAS. I'm going for Debian with ZFS myself, I prefer custom solutions as they are almost always more flexible than "NAS OS:es".
What software do you need when using debian? Just ZFS as a file system?
It depends on what your goals are of course, but I use ZFS for the file system, sanoid to take snapshots on a schedule (hourly saved for a few days, daily saved for 1-2 weeks and so on up to monthly saved a year or two), Samba to actually share the files to Windows computers, Plex to share media to my TV.
Also rsync to a second (offsite) computer for replication/backups of the most important stuff. That computer also takes ZFS snapshots to get easy versioning of the files.
I wouldn't recommend it for most people, but it's nice if you're comfortable working with Linux to begin with.