this post was submitted on 02 Aug 2023
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and one more thing: always look up what commands will do. So you can prevent bad behaviour and learn their options to use them later on your own.
Options for help:
<command> --help
man <command>
I definitely recommend getting used to
--help
andman
, but after you've become comfortable with those I find that this utility is also fantastic.Example of the output of
tldr git checkout
:Pardon the late reply but what does man do?
No worries! The
man
command is short for manual - basically, you can think of it as a local wiki on your computer (local being that you don't need internet to access it) for various installed things. While "things" is generally going to be programs for most people, the "man page database" can actually have entries for things that aren't programs like various Linux internals! Here are a couple of other example man pages:man
command!)That last one,
bash-builtins
I linked to also demonstrate that there are man pages for more than just programs.cd
for example is a very commonly used command, but its not actually a program - it is what is known as a "built in" because its a part of the specific shell you're using (9 times out of 10 these days, that is going to bebash
unless you install a different one likezsh
). A ton of commands can often be found under/usr/bin
(or/usr/local/bin
) - if you enterwhich program_name
at your shell, it'll tell you where exactly that program lives at. Commands come in many flavors, they can be programs, they can be built-ins, they can be shell scripts (even if there is no file extension, Linux doesn't actually care about the file extension - its purely there for us humans!), or they can be aliases.A couple of fun facts on even that itself:
which which
to see where thewhich
command itself liveswhich
command will also tell you if there is an alias defined for the command, an alias is a custom defined command - but if you have a longer command that you commonly want to run you can redefine it as an alias, sols
is often by default an alias ofls --color=auto
to give you a few splashes of colors in the output of the command without actually having to type outls --color=auto
every timecd
is a built-in, for what I believe is compatibility reasons, there is a file at/usr/bin/cd
on most Linux distributions... which itself is just a shell script that actually invokes thecd
built-in!That's probably a bit more information than you originally intended, but I like to be thorough on these sorts of things as I'm passionate about Linux! Note that at the start, man pages can often seem really daunting, but after spending some time looking at them you'll get really good at quickly finding what you need. You can even write your own, and there is even a man page on the conventions and specifications on how you'd usually write them!
You explained a lot, thank you. This is my first experience with Linux and its community. It's very nice how willing everyone is to help explain