In a weird way, for most people Docker is just used to compensate for problems that Windows used to have but doesn't really anymore. Often on Linux when you install something it gets dumped into a shared prefix like /usr or /usr/local or has dependencies on libraries that are installed into /lib or /usr/lib or /usr/local/lib. If the libraries are versioned correctly, it's usually not a big problem that the applications are sharing components, but sometimes shared files conflict with each other and you end up with something similar to the old Windows DLL hell, especially if applications are not officially packaged for the distro you're running. Using a container image avoids this because only the correct libraries and support files are in the image, and they're in a separate location so they can easily be swapped without impacting other applications that might be using similar files.

However, on Windows these days it's highly discouraged for programs to install things into common directories like that. Usually when you install an application it installs everything it needs into its own directory. For the things that Microsoft puts into shared directories, there's a system called SXS that's supposed to prevent conflicts with incompatible versions. It's not perfect because there are still cases where you can get interactions, but it's pretty uncommon now.