Well yes and no. It only happens in places where the people designing the roads dropped the ball.

Everywhere I know near me where there is a low overpass (which is avoided at all costs, but sometimes it can happen), there is a physical bar mounted well before the actual overpass. It usually has a sign with something like "If you hit this bar, you are going to hit the bridge". People don't read signs, misjudge the height of their load or think there is a safety margin and push through any ways. But crashing into a big wooden bar is enough to make everyone stop and is a hell of a lot cheaper than repairing a big piece of infrastructure like an overpass or bridge. The bar is normally mounted on a couple of chains, so it has some give if the speed is low.