People often talk about the roles of language in communication, and in thought structuring, but you touched a third aspect not often talked about - identity and power. Your comparison is spot on, because I think this is the factor that matters in all three cases.
Basically: when you use a certain variety*, you're signalling your group identity. For something like "six seven" that's immediately obvious — it doesn't convey anything on its own, only that identity.
And with group identity comes control over a certain "space", metaphorical or literal. By using a different variety than the one someone else uses, you put a metaphorical "fence" between you and them, marking that space. I think it's both what you and your mum are doing, in your case it sounds like "just leave me alone, OK?", in hers it might be, dunno, "right now I'd rather not deal with you, but I need to, so..."
*"variety" in this case can mean anything from "a completely distinct and unrelated language" to "the same language, with some subtle phonetic differences", or anything inbetween. It's a loose term.